INTRODUCTION
“The Jed” is an Iranian marital art that in spite of remaining unknown from nobility and no exaggeration in richness, continued to be in the same level with classic marital arts such as Taekwondo, Judo, Aikido or familiar sports such as Muay Thai, Sambo, etc. Marital art, Jed, is an art that basically roots in civilization, culture, ancient history and war technique and since time immemorial has flourished in the Iran’s cultural territory and historical land and there is no imitation from other countries marital sports which exist in Iran. “The Jed” means difficult work and originally is an Iranian word.
In 1966, Marital art, Jed, which was depicted by a group of military officers and Iranian physician and after comprehensive studies based on scientific perspective, knowledge of military personal combat techniques, anatomical science and Medical Physiology and human’s MotionBiomechanics; inspiring from Iranian native wrestling techniques, widespread wood playing among tribes and the noble dynasties, song beat of prevalent dance or those which root in the civilization of Iran, how to take wood and fencing among militants, form and the pictures of utensil, tools, plaque and remaining statue of ancient times; wrestling, grappling, fencing, combat scene and type of Iranian weapons, has become wide spread. Taking benefit from valuable experiences and memories of some people who constantly remembered special combat and war technique of Iran since time immemorial and learned from their ancestors and anonymously keeps the mystery of this technique, have played an important role in forming this art. After forming, initially and during the last governance, this marital style was supposed to change to original genre and personal and group combat standards of Iran’s army forces, but Islamic revolution in 1978 prevent such important issue to happen. This art is designed for full and professional defense, to absolutely knock up the enemy, definite demolition as well as aggressive person and also within its structure, physical form, race and bodily capability of the tribes inside the Iranian plateau has been the criteria to design that is completely similar to many southeast Asian marital arts and new-emerged types of this sports have no presentational and acrobatic or only preventive aspect. Therefore, holding competition is not common in this sport; because if the technique is performed professionally there is likely that one of the them experience serious and irreversible injury or may succumbed to death. In this marital art, in a different approach with some kind of southeast Asian marital sports that is developed by inspiring of animal behavior and movement; criteria and the origin of the inspiration, human capabilities, mental and physical structure and ability and human motion as an living beings is considered. And though animal paintings such as eagle and falcon, lion or wale that are the symbol of the sea, sky and earth kings, all are popular for the warriors and exist on their cloths and tools; however inspiring this art to perform technique, how to establish, ability, capability and all the elements and natural creatures, from stone, soil, water, fire and wind to kinds of aquatic flora and fauna and bird is modeled and in its final place, and considering human capability as an model, are reach to physical and mental approach and this is human which is considered as an design criteria and hoe to perform this arts and finally human and his place and capability as well as mental and motional creatures are respected and is significantly important.
In this marital art, converse to different types of southeast Asian marital sports and marital style that are emerged from these sports, instead of using limited standard technique and gestures, repeated or known movement or working with special tools such as wooden statue which ten-fold limited exercise should be repeated in it, or using clothes and special exercise instrument; there in no need to have special cover, limited exercise device or particular tool and its technique don’t require special capability or performance in a certain situation. The marital art ‘ Jed’ contain different vision to perform the technique, compared to other marital style and is possible to be performed and aquireded by anyone, any ages and gender, at every level or bodily states and mental and physical disability, cover, old and modern cloths, any indoors or outdoors. On the ground, hanging in the air and submerging in the water and various weather like desert, Forest, mountain or rain, snow and snowstorm; and how to perform these technique changes, depending on situation, circumstances, and mental or physical ability of every person; as performing a single technique by two people can be completely different in performance and new person depend on single capability present new quality and reach to the level the never seen before and although this innovative feature can perform at any marital style; but a widespread and fixed characteristic is the common feature of any ‘ Jed’ marital art and need no marital art genius. In other words, correct performance of technique in this art is not the ultimate purpose, but the result of performing technique is important and learn the war to reach that result, the simplest and most accurate way is the goal which is trained and adaptability constitute one of the main part of marital art.
